Valid Names Results
Crisicoccus pini (Kuwana, 1902) (Pseudococcidae: Crisicoccus)Nomenclatural History
- Dactylopius pini Kuwana 1902: 54. Type data: JAPAN: Kyushu, Koishiwara, on Pinus sp. and in Tokyo, Nishigahara Agricultural Experiment Station, on Pinus pentaphylla. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA; accepted valid name
- Pseudococcus pini (Kuwana, 1902); Fernald 1903b: 107. change of combination
- Crisicoccus pini (Kuwana, 1902); Ferris 1950b: 46. change of combination
Common Names
- Kuwana pine mealybug Koszta1996 McKenz1967
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 1 | Genera: 4
- Pinaceae
- Abies | BenDov1994 Wang1981TC
- Keteleeria | EFSA2021g
- Larix | EFSA2021g
- Pinus | EzzatMc1956 Fernal1903b Ferris1950b Kuwana1902 McKenz1967 Wang1980
- Pinus densiflora | BenDov1994 KwonDaPa2003a Paik1978 TuWuLe1988
- Pinus koraiensis | BenDov1994 Paik1978
- Pinus massoniana | MartinLa2011
- Pinus nigra | Koszta1996
- Pinus parviflora | BenDov1994 EzzatMc1956 Ferris1950b Kuwana1902 | (= Pinus parviflora var. pentaphylla)
- Pinus pinaster | GermaiMa2006
- Pinus pinea | BosellPe2016
- Pinus radiata | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Pinus tabuliformis | BenDov1994 Tang1984b
- Pinus thunbergii | BenDov1994 Ferris1950b McKenz1967 Paik1978 Suh2020 | (= Pinus thunbergiana)
Foes:
Families: 2 | Genera: 6
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Betaproteobacteria
- Candidatus Tremblaya princeps | ChoiLe2022
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 10
- China | BenDov1994 Tang1984b Tang1992 TangHaTa1992
- Hunan | HuHeWa1992
- Liaoning | EPPO2026a
- Shandong (=Shantung) | EPPO2026a
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | EPPO2026a
- Xizang (=Tibet) | BenDov1994 Wang1980
- Hawaiian Islands | EPPO2026a
- Italy | BosellPe2016
- Japan | BenDov1994 Fernal1903b Kuwana1902
- Honshu | EPPO2026a
- Kyushu | YokogaYa2009
- Monaco | GermaiMa2006
- North Korea | EFSA2021g
- Russia
- Primor'ye Kray | DanzigGa2010
- South Korea | BenDov1994 Kanda1941a KwonDaPa2003a
- Taiwan | BenDov1994 TuWuLe1988
- United States
- California | BenDov1994 Ferris1950b McKenz1967
- District of Columbia | Koszta1996
Keys
- TanakaKa2022b: pp.567 ( Adult (F) ) [Japanese Crisicoccus species]
- DanzigGa2015: pp.199-200 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic Crisicoccus species]
- KwonDaPa2003a: pp.403 ( Adult (F) ) [Crisicoccus species of South Korea]
- Koszta1996: pp.94 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North USA]
- Tang1992: pp.348 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions]
- TuWuLe1988: pp.74 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
- Kawai1980: pp.107 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- McKenz1967: pp.125 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A., California]
- Ferris1953a: pp.304 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
Remarks
- Systematics: GeneBank Accession No. AB439515 (Yokogawa & Yahara, 2009).
Crisicoccus pini is similar to C. azaleae in having a small number of cerarii (< 13 pairs) and only one size of oral collar tubular ducts. C. pini differs from C. azaleae in the following morphological characteristics (contrasting characteristics of C. pini are given in parentheses): (i) a circulus usually present between abdominal segments III and IV on the venter (circulus always lacking); (ii) presence of spiniform and mostly straight dorsal setae (dorsal setae are mostly flagellate and slightly curved); and (iii) thoracic segments with a few ventral oral collar tubular ducts (thoracic segments without ventral oral collar tubular ducts). In particular, C. azaleae is characterized by straight, spiniform dorsal setae, which are significantly different from the curved flagellate setae in C. pini. (Tanaka & Kamitani, 2022b)
- Structure: Colour photograph given by Paik (1978). Female body broadly oval,up to 3.5 mm long. Antennae 8-segmented. Circulus absent. Multilocular pores located in medial zone of five posterior abdomial sternites. Tubular ducts of two sizes. Cerarii forming 6-7 pairs; crarian setae conical, rather thin. (Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2015) The mealybugs secrete a mealy white wax that covers the body (Boselli and Pellizzari, 2016). Mature adult females produce white felt-like wax that envelopes the body. The waxy deposits and felt-like covering contrast with black sooty moulds associated with the mealybug colonies, making the mealybug infestations conspicuous. (EFSA2021g)
- Biology: Occurring amongst the growing needles of pine. The mealybugs feed and develop among the growing pine needles; as a consequence, the needles become yellowish and partially necrotic and the presence of white wax becomes apparent. Mealybugs excrete honeydew with subsequent development of sooty moulds. Nymphs overwinter, usually in bark crevices, and become active in the spring, migrating to the new needle growth. It has two generations each year with adult female numbers peaking at the end of May–beginning of June, and end of September–beginning of October. Each female lays about 50 eggs in the ovisac/felt-like wax covering. In the autumn, most of the nymphs migrate from the needles onto the branches, or the lower part of the trunk, to overwinter. (EFSA2021g)
- Economic Importance: Gill reported (in Kosztarab, 1996) that it was becoming a pest of ornamental pines in California.
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of the adult female given by Ferris (1950b), Ezzat & McConnell (1956), McKenzie (1967), Tu et al. (1988), Kosztarab (1996) and by Danzig & Gavrilov (2010).
Illustrations
Citations
- BascieChMa2025: diagnosis, distribution, 2, 4
- BenDov1994: catalog, 106-107
- BosellPe2016: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 293–296
- ChenChYi2006: distribution, ecology, life history, 13-16
- ChoiLe2022: endosymbiont, phylogeny, 358,359
- DanzigGa2010: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 45-48
- DanzigGa2015: description, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 202-204
- DiSoraRoLu2026: biological control, natural enemies, 8
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 118
- EFSA2021g: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, natural enemies,
- EPPO2026a: biology, control, diagnosis, dispersal, distribution, economic importance, host, morphology, taxonomy,
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 111
- EzzatMc1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 29-31
- Fernal1903b: 107
- Ferris1950b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 46-47
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, list, 12
- GermaiMa2006: distribution, host, 402
- HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 177-178
- IsakovKhSo2025: phylogeny, 774-776
- Kanda1941a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 302
- Kawai1972: distribution, host, 6
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 107
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 23
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 94-96
- Kuwana1902: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 54, 55
- Kuwana1907: distribution, host, 183
- Kuwana1917: taxonomy, 170
- KwonDaPa2003a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 404
- LimontPe2018: distribution, 159
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 47
- McKenz1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 127-129
- Paik1978: distribution, host, taxonomy,
- RenAsHu2017: DNA, phylogeny, 4, 6
- SchneiPo2026: distribution, economic importance, list, 25
- Suh2020: distribution, host, 15
- TanakaChKa2025: phylogeny, 580, 591
- TanakaKa2022b: description, diagnosis, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 564-567
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 124
- Tang1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 356
- TangHaTa1992: distribution, host, 6
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 12
- TuWuLe1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74, 75, 87
- VonEll2025: distribution, 29
- Wang1980: distribution, host, 284
- WatsonMi2017: dispersal, 34
- WilliaBe2015: taxonomy, 166
- YokogaYa2009: DNA, chromosomes, distribution, genebank, molecular data, phylogeny, reproductive system, 57-66
